Protection System

The power system protection ?!

It is the process of making the generator,transformer and consumption of electrical energy as safe as possible from the effect of failures and events that make the power  system at risk .

Faults ?!
Any abnormal change of the voltage and current values

The main causes of faults ?!

1. Change of insulating material 
2. Due to humidity conditions 
3. Due to falls down of lines 
4. Due to open circuit 
5. Power swing 

 Classification of faults referring to fault period ?!

1. Permanent 
2. Transient 

Needs for protection ?!

1. Maintain acceptable operation 24 hr a day 
2. Protect the public 
3. Keep voltage and current and frequency within certain limits
4. Improve system stability 
5. Minimize damage for equipment

Components to be protected ?!

1. Generators 
2. Transformers
3. Buses 
4. Transmission lines
5. Loads or motors

Components of power system protection ?!

1. Current transformer  (C.T)
2. Voltage transformer (V.T)
3. Relay 
4. Circuit Breaker (C.B)  
5. Fuse
6.  Dc supply

Note :
Protection system not prevent fault to happen but to protect system when fault happen.

Classification of protection system ?!

1. Unit protection : That protect a define zone ,as ( Deferential relay , Restricted earth fault relay  )
2. Non unit protection : That protect all Transmission line (undefined zone) ,as (Fuse , Over current relay )

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